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Closing Time (album)
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''Closing Time'' is the debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter Tom Waits, released in March 1973 on Asylum Records. Produced and arranged by former Lovin' Spoonful member Jerry Yester, ''Closing Time'' was the first of seven of Waits' major releases through Asylum.
The album is noted for being predominantly folk influenced〔Hoskyns, pg. 87〕 although Waits intended for ''Closing Time'' to be "a jazz, piano-led album."〔Hoskyns, pg. 49〕 Upon release, the album was mildly successful in the United States, although it did not chart and received little attention from music press in the United Kingdom and elsewhere internationally. Critical reaction to ''Closing Time'' was positive.〔Hoskyns, pg. 89–90〕〔Humphries, pg. 53〕 The album's only single—"Ol' '55"—attracted attention due to a cover version by Waits' better-known label mates The Eagles. Other songs from the album were covered by artists ranging from Tim Buckley to Bette Midler.〔Jacobs, pg. 318〕 The album has been certified Gold in the United Kingdom〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=British Phonographic Industry – Certified awards search ) N.B. User must define search parameters and enter "Tom Waits" into the ''Search'' field, select "Artist" in the ''Search by'' field, and click ''Go''.〕 and has gained a contemporary cult following among rock fans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.montrealjazzfest.com/artists/artist.aspx?id=662 )〕 The album has been reissued four times since its initial release: on LP in 1976, on CD in 1992 and 1999, and 180 gram LP in 2010.
==Background==
Tom Waits began his musical career in 1970, performing every Monday night at The Troubadour, a venue in Los Angeles, California.〔Humphries, pg. 38〕 Waits' setlist at these series of shows, described as "hootenanny nights",〔Humphries, pg. 39〕 consisted primarily of Bob Dylan covers,〔Hoskyns, pg. 48〕 although it included songs which would later appear on ''Closing Time'' and its successor, ''The Heart of Saturday Night'' (1974). Among the songs performed were "Ice Cream Man", "Virginia Avenue", "Ol' '55", "I Hope That I Don't Fall in Love with You", "Shiver Me Timbers" and "Diamonds on my Windshield." Around this time, Waits began working as a doorman at a San Diego, California, club, The Heritage, which was a coffee house by day. In November 1970, Waits performed his first paid show at The Heritage, earning $25 for his performance.〔Humphries, pg. 40〕 At a Troubadour performance in summer 1971, Herb Cohen inadvertently spotted Waits and became his manager. Through Cohen's contacts, Waits recorded demos in Los Angeles in late summer 1971 with producer Robert Duffey, later released as ''The Early Years'' in two volumes, against Waits' wishes. In order to focus on his career, Waits relocated from San Diego to Los Angeles in early 1972 and performed more frequently at The Troubadour, where David Geffen discovered him performing "Grapefruit Moon."〔Hoskyns, pg. 76〕 The performance, which "floored" Geffen,〔Humphries, pg. 45〕 led Geffen to negotiate with Waits' manager Cohen, and Waits signed to Asylum Records within a month.
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